Gucukura Urufatiro: Kuki ari ngombwa cyane?

Mu mishinga minini yubwubatsi, gucukura fondasiyo ninzira yingirakamaro cyane kandi yingirakamaro, ariko akenshi ntibishimwa. Haba mukubaka ibiraro cyangwa kubaka ibicu, gucukura umusingi bigira uruhare runini. Abantu benshi barashobora kwibaza icyo aricyo n'impamvu ari ngombwa. Uyu munsi, iyi ngingo izasubiza ibyo bibazo umwe umwe. Reka duhere kubisobanuro.

Gucukura Urufatiro Niki?

Gucukura fondasiyo, muri make, gukoresha imashini nini zo gucukura kugirango zivemo umwobo munini mu butaka. Ikigamijwe ni ugushira ibyubaka nka piers, caissons, cyangwa ibirundo birambiranye bikoreshwa nkibishigikira umusingi wimbitse.

Gucukura fondasiyo ninzira igoye cyane ikubiyemo uburyo nubuhanga butandukanye. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu gucukura fondasiyo ni ugushyiramo imiterere nkibirundo kugirango wongere ubushobozi bwo kwikorera imitwaro ya fondasiyo, cyane cyane kubikorwa bishya. Birashobora kumvikana byoroshye, ariko mubyukuri biragoye cyane. Gahunda yo gucukura Fondasiyo isaba ubuhanga buke mu gucukura kimwe no guhuza neza. Byongeye kandi, hari ibindi bintu bigomba kwitabwaho, harimo ikirere, imiterere yubutaka, ibidukikije, ibihe bitunguranye, nibindi.

Kuki hakenewe umusingi wimbitse?

Kububiko buto nkamazu, urufatiro ruto ruri hejuru yubutaka cyangwa munsi yacyo rukora neza. Nyamara, nini nini nkibiraro ninyubako ndende, urufatiro ruto ni akaga. Hano haraza gucukura umusingi. Binyuze muri ubu buryo bwiza, turashobora gushira "imizi" yumusingi mwisi kugirango tubuze inyubako kurohama cyangwa kugenda. Bedrock nigice gikomeye kandi kitimukanwa munsi yubutaka, kuburyo mubihe byinshi, turuhuka ibirundo cyangwa inkingi zifatizo hejuru yacyo kugirango umutekano n'umutekano bihamye.

Uburyo bwo gucukura

Hariho uburyo bwinshi busanzwe bwo gucukura bizwi cyane muri iki gihe.

Kelly

Intego yibanze yo gucukura kelly ni ugucukura ibirundo binini bya diameter. Gucukura Kelly ikoresha inkoni ya drill yitwa "kelly bar" izwi cyane muburyo bwa telesikopi. Hamwe nigishushanyo cya telesikopi, "kelly bar" irashobora kujya kure cyane mubutaka. Ubu buryo burakwiriye ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwurutare nubutaka, ukoresheje ingunguru yibanze, augers, cyangwa indobo hamwegusimburwa na karbide-amenyo yamasasu.

Mbere yo gucukura gutangira, imiterere yigihe gito yo kurinda ikirundo yashizweho mbere. Inkoni y'imyitozo noneho irambura munsi yikirundo kandi ikabyimba mu isi. Ibikurikira, inkoni yakuwe mu mwobo kandi hakoreshwa imiterere yo gushimangira umwobo. Noneho, ikirundo cyo kurinda by'agateganyo kiremewe gukurwaho kandi umwobo wuzuyemo beto.

Gukomeza Kuguruka

Gukomeza kuguruka (CFA), nanone byitwa auger cast piling, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gucukura umwobo wibirundo-by-ahantu kandi bikwiranye nubutaka butose kandi bunini. CFA ikoresha imyitozo ndende ya auger hamwe numurimo wo kuzana ubutaka nigitare hejuru yubutaka. Hagati aho, beto yatewe inshinge nigitutu. Nyuma yimyitozo ya auger ikuweho, imbaraga zinjizwa mumyobo.

Guhinduranya Kuzenguruka Indege Yatewe

Iyo hasabwa ibyobo binini, cyane cyane umwobo wa metero 3.2 z'uburebure, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhinduranya umwuka wo guhinduranya umwuka (RCD). Mubisanzwe, RCD ikoresha gucukura hydraulic. Umuyoboro wamazi mumwanya wa buri mwaka hagati yinkoni ya drill hamwe nurukuta rwa borehole usukurwa na pompe hanyuma ugatemba munsi yumwobo. Muri iki gikorwa, gutema imyitozo bigezwa hejuru.

Gucukura Hasi

Gucukura umwobo (DTH) nibyiza kubikorwa bifite ibisabwa byo kumena amabuye akomeye n'amabuye. Ubu buryo bukoresha inyundo yashyizwe kumyitozo ya biti kumpera yinkoni.Carbide butobinjijwe mu nyundo kugirango bongere ubuzima bwa serivisi. Mugihe imyitozo ya bito izunguruka, umwuka wugarije utera umuvuduko mwinshi kugirango utere inyundo imbere kugirango ivunike kandi itere amabuye. Hagati aho, gutema imyitozo bikorwa mu mwobo kugeza hejuru.

Fata

Nuburyo bumwe bwa kera bwo gucukura bwumye, gufata dring biracyakoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe. Irakoreshwa mugihe cyo gucukura amariba hamwe na diametero ntoya yo gucukura cyangwa gukora ibirundo-by-ibirundo hamwe na diameter nini. Gufata gucukura bifashisha urutoki rufite impera zinguni zimanitse kuri kane kugirango woroshye ubutaka namabuye hanyuma ubifate hejuru.