Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni iki?

Ubucukuzi bw'ubutaka hamwe n'ubucukuzi bw'ubutaka byombi bijyanye no gucukura amabuye. Nyamara, ubucukuzi bwubutaka ni ugukuramo ibikoresho munsi yubutaka, bityo bikaba bibi cyane kandi bihenze. Gusa iyo hari ubutare bufite ireme mumitsi yoroheje cyangwa kubitsa bikungahaye, ubucukuzi bwubutaka burakoreshwa. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bushobora kwishyura ikiguzi cyo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro. Uretse ibyo, ubucukuzi bw'ubutaka bushobora no gukoreshwa mu gucukura amazi. Uyu munsi, tugiye kwibira muriyi nsanganyamatsiko kandi twige ibisobanuro, uburyo, nibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro.

Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni iki?

Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bisobanura uburyo butandukanye bwo gucukura bukoreshwa mu nsi yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, nk'amakara, zahabu, umuringa, diyama, ibyuma, n'ibindi. Kubera ibyo abaguzi bakeneye, ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ni ibikorwa bisanzwe. Ikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye, nko gucukura amakara, gucukura zahabu, gucukura peteroli, gucukura ibyuma, n'ibindi byinshi.

Kubera ko ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro bifitanye isano n'imishinga yo munsi, ni ngombwa cyane kuri twe gusobanukirwa n'ingaruka zishobora kubaho. Ku bw'amahirwe, hamwe n'iterambere ry'ubuhanga bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, ubucukuzi bw'ubutaka burimo kuba umutekano kandi bworoshye. Imirimo myinshi irashobora gukorwa hejuru, guteza imbere umutekano.

Uburyo bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro

Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwibanze bwubucukuzi nubuhanga bwubwoko butandukanye bwo kubitsa. Mubisanzwe, uburebure burebure nicyumba-ninkingi bikoreshwa mububiko bubeshya. Gukata-no-kuzuza, gushushanya neza, guhagarika ibisasu, no guhagarika guhagarara ni kubitsa cyane.

1. Ubucukuzi bwa Longwall

Ubucukuzi bwa Longwall nuburyo bwiza bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro. Mbere ya byose, umubiri wamabuye ugabanijwemo ibice byinshi hamwe na drifts zo gutwara amabuye, guhumeka, no guhuza. Gutambuka kwambukiranya inzira ni ndende. Kugirango habeho gukora neza, hydraulic yimuka yubatswe mumashini ikata, itanga igitereko cyiza. Mugihe imashini ikata ikata amabuye mumaso maremare, convoyeur ikomeza kugenda itwara ibice byamabuye kuri drifts, hanyuma ibice bikavanwa mubirombe. Inzira yavuzwe haruguru ni iy'amabuye yoroshye, nk'amakara, umunyu, n'ibindi. Ku rutare rukomeye, nka zahabu, turayikata mu gucukura no guturika.

2. Ubucukuzi bw'icyumba n'inkingi

Icyumba-n'inkingi nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, cyane cyane mu gucukura amakara. Igura ugereranije no gucukura amabuye maremare. Muri ubu buryo bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, ubucukuzi bw'amakara bucukurwa mu buryo bwo kugenzura, hasigara inkingi z'amakara kugira ngo zishyigikire igisenge. Ibyobo, cyangwa ibyumba bifite uburebure bwa metero 20 kugeza 30, byacukuwe na mashini yitwa umucukuzi uhoraho. Nyuma yo kubitsa byose byuzuye ibyumba ninkingi, umucukuzi uhoraho azacukura buhoro buhoro kandi akureho inkingi uko umushinga uzakomeza.

3. Gukata no kuzuza Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro

Gukata no kuzuza ni bumwe mu buryo bworoshye bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro. Nibyiza kubutare bugereranije ugereranije, cyangwa kwibiza cyane kubitsa murwego rwohejuru hamwe nubutare bwakiriye. Mubisanzwe, ubucukuzi butangirira munsi yubutaka bwamabuye kandi bugakomeza hejuru. Mugihe cyo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, umucukuzi acukura akabanza gucukura amabuye. Noneho, mbere yuko icyuho kiri inyuma cyuzuzwa ibikoresho byimyanda, dukeneye amabuye kugirango dukore nkigisenge. Gusubira inyuma birashobora gukoreshwa nkurubuga rukora kurwego rukurikira rwo gucukura.

4. Guhagarika ibisasu

Guhagarika ibisasu birashobora gukoreshwa mugihe ubutare nubutare bikomeye, kandi kubitsa birakomeye (birenze 55%). Gutembera gutwarwa munsi yumubiri wamabuye y'agaciro byongerewe mumasafuriya. Noneho, ucukure izamuka rirangije inkono kurwego rwo gucukura. Kuzamuka noneho bizaturika ahantu hahagaritse, bigomba kwagurwa mubugari bwumubiri wamabuye y'agaciro. Kurwego rwo gucukura, ibintu byinshi birebire birema bifite ubunini bwa santimetero 4 kugeza kuri 6. Noneho haza guturika, guhera kumurongo. Amakamyo acukura amabuye asubira inyuma ya dring hanyuma aturika ibice by'amabuye, akora icyumba kinini.

5. Ubuvumo bworoshye

Sublevel bivuga urwego ruri hagati yinzego zombi zingenzi. Uburyo bwo gucukura ubuvumo bwa sublevel nibyiza kumibiri minini yubutare hamwe no kwibira cyane hamwe numubiri wurutare aho urutare rwakiriye kurukuta rumanitse ruzasenyuka mugihe cyagenwe. Ibikoresho rero, buri gihe bishyirwa kuruhande. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro butangirira hejuru yumubiri wamabuye kandi butera imbere. Ubu ni uburyo butanga umusaruro cyane kuko amabuye yose yacitsemo uduce duto muguturika. Urutare rwakiriye murukuta rumanitse rwubuvumo bwumubiri. Ibicuruzwa bimaze gutwarwa no kuzamurwa, kuzamura gufungura no gucukura umwobo muremure muburyo bwabafana birarangiye. Nibyingenzi kugabanya gutandukana kwumwobo mugihe cyo gucukura kuko bizagira ingaruka kumacakubiri yamabuye yaturitse no gutembera kwumubiri wubuvumo. Urutare rwapakiwe imbere yubuvumo nyuma ya buri mpeta yaturitse. Kugenzura ihindagurika ryimyanda mu buvumo, gupakira ijanisha ryateganijwe mbere yo gukuramo urutare birakorwa. Kugumya imihanda ikomeza kumererwa neza ningirakamaro cyane mugihe utwaye imbere yubuvumo.

6. Kugabanuka guhagarara

Guhagarika kugabanuka nubundi buryo bwubucukuzi bwiza bwo kwibiza cyane. Bitangirira hasi bikomeza hejuru. Ku gisenge cy'ahantu, hari igice cy'amabuye yuzuye aho ducukura ibisasu. 30% kugeza 40% byamabuye yamenetse akurwa munsi yumutwe. Iyo ibice by'amabuye hejuru ya gisenge biturika, ubutare buva hasi busimburwa. Amabuye yose amaze gukurwa kumurongo, turashobora gusubira inyuma.

Ibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro

Ibikoresho bigira uruhare runini mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mubucukuzi bwubutaka, harimo abacukuzi bafite imirimo iremereye, abacukura amabuye manini manini, imashini zicukura, amasuka y’umugozi w’amashanyarazi, abamotari, imashini zikoresha ibiziga, hamwe nabatwara imizigo.

Platon akora ubuziranenge bwo hejurugucukura amakaraikoreshwa ku mashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro. Niba hari icyo usabye, nyamuneka wumve nezatwandikirekubindi bisobanuro.