Ingaruka zo Kuramba munganda zamabuye y'agaciro

COP26, intego za net-zeru, hamwe nihinduka ryihuse rigana ku iterambere rirambye bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Murukurikirane rwibibazo & As, turaganira kubibazo bifitanye isano n'amahirwe. Dutangirana no kureba neza imiterere yiganje kuri uru ruganda rukomeye ku isi, hamwe na Ellen Thomson, PGNAA & Minerals Inzobere mu bijyanye na Porogaramu muri Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Ntabwo dukunze kubona intego zijyanye n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, zirenze intego dusangiye ya net-zeru. Hariho imihigo yihariye ya COP26 izagira ingaruka kubacukuzi?

Ndibwira ko ari byiza kuvuga ko, muri rusange, hari ugushimira uburyo ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ari imbaraga zacu hamwe tugana ku isi irambye kandi isukuye.

Fata ibyemezo bya COP26 bijyanye no gutwara abantu - 2040 guhagarika kugurisha imodoka nshya zose kuba zeru-zeru (2035 kumasoko akomeye) 1. Kugera kuri izo ntego bishingiye ku kuzamura cyane ibikoresho bya cobalt, lithium, nikel, aluminium, na cyane cyane umuringa. Gusubiramo ntibishobora kuzuza iki cyifuzo - nubwo uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya ibintu ari ngombwa - dukeneye rero gukuramo ibyuma byinshi mubutaka. Kandi ninkuru imwe hamwe nimbaraga zishobora kuvugururwa, zikubye inshuro eshanu umuringa-mwinshi kuruta ubundi buryo busanzwe2.

Nibyo rero, abacukuzi bahura ningorane nkizindi nganda zijyanye no gukubita intego za net-zeru, kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije, no kuzamura iterambere rirambye, ariko bitewe n’ibicuruzwa byabo bikaba ingenzi mu kugera ku zindi ntego nyinshi zirambye.

Bizoroha gute kuzamura ibikoresho byuma kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo?

Turimo kuvuga kubyiyongera rikomeye kandi rirambye, ntabwo rero bizoroha. Hamwe n'umuringa, kurugero, harateganijwe ko hazabura toni miliyoni 15 kumwaka mumwaka wa 2034, ukurikije umusaruro uva muri iki gihe3. Ibirombe bishaje bizakenera gukoreshwa neza, hamwe nububiko bushya bwavumbuwe kandi buzanwa kumurongo.

Inzira zose, ibi bivuze gutunganya amabuye yo mu rwego rwo hasi cyane. Iminsi yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro hamwe na 2 cyangwa 3% yibanze cyane mubyuma byashize, kuko ubu amabuye yabuze. Abacukura umuringa kuri ubu bahura nibibazo bya 0.5% gusa. Ibi bivuze gutunganya urutare rwinshi kugirango ugere kubicuruzwa bisabwa.

Abacukuzi b'amabuye y'agaciro nabo bahura n’igenzura ryerekeye uruhushya rw’imibereho yo gukora. Ntabwo kwihanganira kugabanuka kwamabuye y'agaciro - kwanduza cyangwa kugabanuka kw'amazi meza, ingaruka zitagaragara kandi zishobora kwangiza imirizo, no guhungabanya ingufu zitangwa. Nta gushidikanya ko sosiyete ishakisha inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro kugira ngo zitange ibyuma bisabwa ariko mu buryo bukora cyane. Ubusanzwe, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bwashonje cyane, butwara amazi kandi bwanduye, hamwe n'ibidukikije binini. Ibigo byiza ubu birimo guhanga udushya ku buryo bwo kunoza impande zose.

Ni izihe ngamba utekereza ko zizagira agaciro cyane kubacukuzi mugihe cyo gukemura ibibazo bahura nabyo?

Nubwo ntagushidikanya ko abacukuzi bahura ningorabahizi zitari nke, ubundi buryo bwo kureba nuko imiterere yubu igaragaza amahirwe yihariye yo guhinduka. Hamwe nibisabwa byizewe, hariho imbaraga zitari nke zo gutera imbere, ntabwo rero byigeze byoroha kwemeza kuzamura uburyo bwiza bwo gukora. Nta gushidikanya ikoranabuhanga rifite inzira igana imbere, kandi hari ubushake bwo kubikora.

Bifitanye isano, kwiringirwale amakuru ya digitale niyo nkingi yimikorere ikora kandi akenshi irabura. Ndagaragaza rero ishoramari muburyo bunoze kandi buhoraho nkingamba zingenzi zo gutsinda. Hamwe namakuru yigihe-nyacyo, abacukuzi barashobora a) kubaka neza imyifatire yimikorere na b) gushiraho uburyo bugezweho, bwihuse bwo kugenzura, gutwara ibinyabiziga bikomeza gutera imbere hakoreshejwe tekinoroji yo kwiga imashini. Ubu ni bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi tuzahindukira mu bikorwa bitanga byinshi - gukuramo ibyuma byinshi muri toni yose y'urutare - kugabanya ingufu, amazi, n'ibikoresho byinjira.

Ni izihe nama rusange watanga abacukuzi mugihe batangiye inzira yo kumenya ikoranabuhanga nibigo bishobora kubafasha?

Nagira ngo nshake ibigo byerekana gusobanukirwa birambuye kubibazo byawe nuburyo tekinoloji yabo ishobora gufasha. Shakisha ibicuruzwa bifite inyandiko yerekana neza, bipfunyitse n'ubuhanga. Kandi, shakisha abakinnyi. Kunoza imikorere yubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro bigiye gufata ecosystem yabatanga ikoranabuhanga. Abatanga isoko bakeneye kumva uruhare rwabo, nuburyo bwo guhuza neza nabandi. Ni ngombwa kandi gusangira indangagaciro zawe. Gahunda ya siyanse ishingiye ku bumenyi (SBTi) ni intangiriro nziza niba ushaka ibigo bishiraho amazu yabyo kugirango bikurikirane imbere, ukoresheje ibipimo byapimwe kandi bisaba.

Ibicuruzwa byacu kubacukuzi byose bijyanye no gutoranya no gupima. Dutanga icyitegererezo, umusaraba-umukandara hamwe nuwasesenguye, hamwe numunzani utanga ibipimo byibanze no gukurikiranwa mugihe nyacyo. Ibi bisubizo bikorana hamwe, kurugero, gutanga amakuru akenewe kubutare bwibanze cyangwa gutondeka. Gutondeka amabuye y'agaciro bituma abacukuzi bavanga amabuye yinjira neza, bagashyira mubikorwa gahunda yo kugaburira imbere, hamwe ninzira yo hasi cyangwa marginal ibikoresho biri kure yibitekerezo mugihe cyambere. Isesengura-nyaryo ryibanze ningirakamaro nkicyegeranyo cyo kubara metallurgical comptabilite, kugenzura inzira cyangwa gukurikirana umwanda wimpungenge.

Hamwe nibisubizo nyabyo byo gupima, birashoboka kubaka impanga ya digitale yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro - igitekerezo duhura nacyo hamwe no kongera inshuro. Impanga ya digitale ni verisiyo yuzuye, yukuri ya verisiyo yibitekerezo. Umaze kugira imwe, urashobora kugerageza gukora optimizme, kandi amaherezo, kugenzura kure umutungo kuva kuri desktop yawe. Kandi birashoboka ko aricyo gitekerezo cyiza cyo kugusiga kuva mumashanyarazi yikora, yimuwe rwose nicyerekezo kizaza. Kubona abantu kuri mine birahenze, kandi hamwe nubuhanga bwizewe, bwizewe bushyigikiwe no kubungabunga kure, ntabwo gusa bizaba ngombwa mumyaka mirongo iri imbere.