Hakowa Gidauniya: Me yasa Yana da Muhimmanci?

A cikin manyan ayyukan gine-gine, hako tushe wani tsari ne mai matuƙar amfani da mahimmanci, amma sau da yawa ba a yaba masa ba. Ko wajen gina gadoji ko gina bene, hako tushe na taka muhimmiyar rawa. Mutane da yawa suna iya mamakin menene shi kuma me ya sa yake da muhimmanci sosai. A yau, wannan talifin zai amsa waɗannan tambayoyin ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Bari mu fara da ma'anar.

Menene Hakowa Gidauniya?

Aikin hako gidauniya, a takaice, yana amfani da manya-manyan na’urorin hakar ma’adinai don zurfafa manyan ramuka a cikin kasa. Manufar ita ce sanya sifofi irin su ramuka, caissons, ko gundumomi masu gundura waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman tallafi ga tushe mai zurfi cikin ramuka.

Hakowa tushe tsari ne mai rikitarwa wanda ya haɗa da hanyoyi da dabaru iri-iri. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, aikace-aikacen da aka fi sani da hako tushe shine shigar da sifofi kamar tulu don haɓaka ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi na tushe, musamman don sabbin ayyuka. Yana iya zama mai sauƙi, amma a zahiri yana da wahala sosai. Tsarin hakowa na gidauniya yana buƙatar ƙware sosai wajen hakowa tare da ingantaccen haɗin kai. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu abubuwan da ya kamata a yi la'akari da su, ciki har da yanayi, tsarin ƙasa, kewaye, yanayin da ba a sani ba, da dai sauransu.

Me yasa Ake Bukatar Deep Foundation?

Don ƙananan gine-gine kamar gidaje, tushen tushe mai zurfi wanda yake a saman ƙasa ko a ƙasa yana aiki da kyau. Duk da haka, ga manya kamar gadoji da dogayen gine-gine, tushe marar tushe yana da haɗari. Anan ya zo hako tushe. Ta wannan hanya mai inganci, za mu iya sanya “tushen” tushe a cikin ƙasa don hana ginin daga nutsewa ko motsi. Bedrock shine yanki mafi wuya kuma mafi ƙarancin motsi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, don haka a yawancin lokuta, muna hutawa tudu ko ginshiƙan tushe a samansa don tabbatar da aminci da kwanciyar hankali.

Hanyoyin Hako Gida

Akwai hanyoyin hako tushe da yawa waɗanda suka shahara a yau.

Kelly Drilling

Babban dalilin hakar kelly shine a tono manyan diamita masu gundura. Kelly drilling yana amfani da sandar rawar soja da ake kira "kelly bar" wanda ya shahara da ƙirar telescopic. Tare da ƙirar telescopic, "masanin kelly" zai iya shiga cikin ƙasa sosai. Wannan hanya ta dace da kowane nau'in dutse da ƙasa, ta amfani da ganga mai mahimmanci, augers, ko buckets tare dahaƙoran harsashi masu maye gurbin carbide.

Kafin a fara aikin hakowa, an kafa tsarin tari na wucin gadi a gaba. Sa'an nan sandar rawar sojan ta shimfiɗa ƙasa da tari kuma ta buge cikin ƙasa. Bayan haka, an cire sandar daga ramin kuma ana amfani da tsarin ƙarfafawa don ƙarfafa ramin. Yanzu, an ba da izinin cire tulin kariya na wucin gadi kuma an cika ramin da siminti.

Ci gaba da Jirgin Augering

Augering na ci gaba (CFA), wanda kuma ake kira auger simintin piling, ana amfani da shi ne don haƙa ramuka don tulin simintin gyare-gyare kuma ya dace da yanayin jika da ƙorafi. CFA yana amfani da dogon rawar gani mai tsayi tare da aikin kawo ƙasa da dutse a saman yayin aiwatarwa. A halin yanzu, siminti ana allura ta hanyar matsi. Bayan an cire rawar auger, an saka ƙarfafawa a cikin ramukan.

Reverse Circulation Air Injection Drilling

Lokacin da ake buƙatar manyan rijiyoyin burtsatse, musamman ramukan da suka kai diamita na mita 3.2, ana amfani da hanyar hakowar allurar iska mai juyawa (RCD). Gabaɗaya, RCD yana amfani da hakowa na hydraulic wurare dabam dabam. Ruwan ruwa a cikin sararin samaniya tsakanin sandar rawar soja da bangon rijiyar burtsatse yana zubar da famfo kuma yana gudana zuwa kasan ramin. A lokacin wannan tsari, ana isar da yankan rawar soja zuwa saman.

Hakowa Kasa-da-Rami

Ƙaddamar da rami-da-rami (DTH) yana da kyau don ayyukan da ake bukata na karya tsaunuka da duwatsu. Wannan hanyar tana amfani da guduma da aka ɗora a kan ɗigon rawar soja a ƙarshen sandar rawar.Maɓallin Carbidean saka a cikin guduma don tsawaita rayuwar sabis. Yayin da rawar rawar soja ke juyawa, matsewar iska na haifar da matsa lamba don ciyar da guduma gaba zuwa karaya da tasirin duwatsu. A halin yanzu, rawar soja cuttings ana za'ayi daga cikin rami zuwa saman.

Dauki Hakowa

A matsayin daya daga cikin tsofaffin hanyoyin busasshen hakowa, har yanzu ana amfani da hakowa sosai a zamanin yau. Ana amfani da shi lokacin haƙa rijiyoyi tare da ƙananan diamita na hakowa ko ƙirƙirar tarin simintin gyare-gyare tare da manyan diamita. Hakowa na amfani da katsewa mai kusurwa mai kusurwa da ke rataye a kan crane don sassauta ƙasa da duwatsu sannan a kama su saman.