Menene Ma'adinan Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa?

Aikin hakar ma'adinai na karkashin kasa da hako ma'adinai duka biyu ne game da hako tama. Duk da haka, hakar ma'adinan karkashin kasa shine don fitar da kayan a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, don haka ya fi haɗari da tsada. Sai kawai idan akwai tama mai inganci a cikin siraran jijiyoyi ko ma'adanai masu wadata, ana amfani da ma'adinan karkashin kasa. Haƙar ma'adinai mai inganci na iya biyan kuɗin haƙar ma'adinai a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Bayan haka, ana kuma iya amfani da haƙar ma'adinai a ƙarƙashin ƙasa don haƙa a ƙarƙashin ruwa. A yau, za mu nutse cikin wannan batu kuma mu koyi game da ma'anar, hanyoyi, da kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai na karkashin kasa.

Menene Ma'adinan Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa?

Aikin hakar ma'adinai na karkashin kasa yana nufin dabaru daban-daban da ake amfani da su a karkashin kasa wajen hako ma'adanai, kamar kwal, zinare, tagulla, lu'u-lu'u, karafa, da dai sauransu. Saboda bukatar mabukata, ayyukan hakar ma'adinan karkashin kasa ayyuka ne na gama gari. Ana amfani da shi a masana'antu daban-daban, kamar hakar kwal, hakar gwal, hako man fetur, hakar karfe, da dai sauransu.

Tunda ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na karkashin kasa suna da alaƙa da ayyukan a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci a gare mu mu fahimci haɗarin da ke tattare da hakan. Sa'ar al'amarin shine, tare da haɓaka fasahar hakar ma'adinai, hakar ma'adinai na karkashin kasa yana zama mafi aminci da sauƙi. Yawancin ayyukan ana iya yin su a saman, inganta aminci.

Hanyoyin hakar ma'adinai

Akwai hanyoyi da dabarun haƙar ma'adinai da yawa don nau'ikan adibas daban-daban. Gabaɗaya, bango mai tsayi da ɗaki da ginshiƙi ana amfani da su a cikin ma'ajin da ke kwance. Yanke-da-cika, sassaƙa sassaƙa, tsayawar rami mai fashewa, da tsayawar raguwa don ajiya mai zurfi ne.

1. Longwall Mining

Haƙar ma'adinai ta Longwall hanya ce ta haƙar ma'adinai ta musamman. Da farko dai, jikin ma'adinan ya kasu kashi-kashi da yawa tare da wasu faifai don jigilar tama, samun iska, da haɗin toshewa. Girgizar ƙasa ita ce bango mai tsayi. Don tabbatar da aiki mai aminci, ana gina goyan bayan hydraulic mai motsi a cikin injin yankan, yana ba da amintaccen alfarwa. Yayin da injin yankan ke yanke ma'adinin daga fuskar bangon bango, mai ɗaukar sulke da ke ci gaba da tafiya yana jigilar ma'adinan zuwa ma'adinan, sannan a fitar da yankan daga ma'adinan. Tsarin da ke sama ya fi dacewa don duwatsu masu laushi, irin su gawayi, gishiri, da dai sauransu. Don duwatsu masu kauri, irin su zinariya, muna yanke su ta hanyar hakowa da fashewa.

2. Daki-da-ginshiƙan Ma'adinai

Daki-da-ginshiƙi shine hanyar haƙar ma'adinai da aka fi amfani da ita, musamman don hakar kwal. Kudinsa ya yi ƙasa da hakar ma'adinai na dogon bango. A cikin wannan tsarin hakar ma'adinan, ana hako kullin kwal a cikin tsarin duba, yana barin ginshiƙan gawayi don tallafawa rufin rami. Ramukan, ko dakunan da girmansu ya kai ƙafa 20 zuwa 30, na'ura da ake kira mai ci gaba da hakar ma'adinai ake hakowa. Bayan an rufe duka ajiya da ɗakuna da ginshiƙai, mai ci gaba da hakar ma'adinan zai yi rawar jiki a hankali kuma ya cire ginshiƙan yayin da aikin ke gudana.

3. Yanke-da-cika Ma'adinai

Yanke-da-cika yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sassauƙan dabaru don hakar ma'adinai a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Yana da manufa don kunkuntar ma'adinan ma'adinan tama, ko zurfafa manyan adibas tare da dutsen mai rauni mai rauni. Yawancin lokaci, hakar ma'adinai yana farawa daga ƙasan toshe ma'adinan kuma yana ci gaba zuwa sama. A lokacin aikin hakar ma'adinan, mai hakar ma'adinai yana hako ma'adinan da farko. Sa'an nan, kafin ramin da ke baya ya cika da kayan sharar gida, muna buƙatar ƙwanƙolin dutse don yin aiki azaman tallafin rufin. Ana iya amfani da cikawar baya azaman dandalin aiki don matakin tono na gaba.

4. Tsayar da fashewar fashewa

Za'a iya amfani da tsayawar fashewar fashewar lokacin da tama da dutsen suka yi ƙarfi, kuma ajiyar tana da tsayi (fiye da 55%). Ruwan ruwa wanda aka kora tare da kasan jikin ma'adinan an mika shi cikin wani tudu. Sa'an nan, tono tashi a karshen tudu zuwa matakin hakowa. Daga nan za a busa hawan zuwa wani ramin tsaye, wanda ya kamata a tsawaita fadin fadin jikin ma'adinan. A matakin hakowa, an ƙirƙiri dogayen ramukan fashewa da yawa tare da girman inci 4 zuwa 6 a diamita. Daga nan sai fashewar ta zo, tana farawa daga ramin. Motocin hakar ma'adinai sun koma gangaren hako ma'adinan kuma suna harba ma'adinan ma'adinai, suna yin babban ɗaki.

5. Kogon ƙasa

Sublevel yana nufin matsakaicin matakin tsakanin manyan matakan biyu. Hanyar hakar ma'adinai ta sublevel ita ce manufa don manyan gawawwakin ma'adinai tare da tsoma mai zurfi da kuma jikin dutse inda dutsen mai masaukin baki a cikin bangon rataye zai karye a ƙarƙashin yanayin sarrafawa. Don haka, ana sanya kayan aiki koyaushe a gefen ƙafar ƙafa. Haƙar ma'adinai yana farawa daga saman ma'adinai kuma yana ci gaba zuwa ƙasa. Wannan hanyar haƙar ma'adinai ce mai fa'ida sosai saboda duk ma'adinan yana karyewa ƙanƙanta ta hanyar fashewa. Dutsen mai masaukin baki a cikin bangon rataye na kogon jikin tama. Da zarar an kora ɗimbin abubuwan samarwa da haɓaka, haɓakar buɗewa da hakowa mai tsayi a cikin ƙirar fanfo an gama. Yana da mahimmanci a rage karkatar da ramuka lokacin hakowa domin zai shafi duka guguwar takin da aka fashe da kuma kwararar jikin dutsen kogon. Ana ɗora dutse daga gaban kogon bayan kowace zobe mai fashewa. Don sarrafa dilution na sharar dutse a cikin kogon, ana yin lodin ƙayyadaddun kaso na hakar dutsen. Tsayar da hanyoyin a cikin yanayi mai kyau yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci lokacin lodi daga gaban kogon.

6. Tsayawa Tsayawa

Tsayawa Tsayawa shine wata hanyar hakar ma'adinai da ta dace don tsoma baki. Yana farawa daga ƙasa kuma yana ci gaba zuwa sama. A kan rufin tasha, akwai wani yanki na cikakken ma'adinai inda muke tona ramukan fashewa. Ana ɗaukar kashi 30% zuwa 40% na karyewar takin daga ƙasan tasha. Lokacin da yanki na ma'adanin da ke saman rufin ya fashe, ana maye gurbin takin daga ƙasa. Da zarar an cire duk ma'adinan daga tasha, za mu iya cika tasha.

Kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai na karkashin kasa

Kayan aiki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hakar ma'adinan karkashin kasa. Akwai nau'ikan kayan aiki da yawa waɗanda ake yawan amfani da su wajen hakar ma'adinan ƙasa, waɗanda suka haɗa da masu hakar ma'adinai masu nauyi, manyan dozer masu hakar ma'adinai, injina, mazuƙan igiya na lantarki, ma'aikatan injina, injin tarakta, da loda.

Plato yana kera mafi ingancima'adinan kwalana amfani da su akan injinan ma'adinai. Idan kuna da wasu buƙatu, da fatan za a ji daɗituntube mudon ƙarin bayani.