Ukubhola Okuyisisekelo: Kungani Kubaluleke Kangaka?

Emisebenzini emikhulu yokwakha, ukubhola isisekelo kuyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ngokuvamile akunconywa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwamabhuloho noma izakhiwo eziphakeme, ukumba isisekelo kudlala indima ebalulekile. Abantu abaningi bangase bazibuze ukuthi iyini futhi kungani ibaluleke kangaka. Namuhla, lesi sihloko sizophendula le mibuzo ngamunye ngamunye. Ake siqale ngencazelo.

Iyini i-Foundation Drilling?

Ukumba isisekelo, ngamafuphi, kusetshenziswa izinsimbi zokumba ezinkulu ukubhoboza imigodi emikhulu ekujuleni komhlaba. Inhloso ukubeka izakhiwo ezinjengama-piers, ama-caissons, noma izinqwaba eziyisithukuthezi ezisetshenziswa njengezisekelo zesisekelo ekujuleni kwemigodi.

Ukubhola ngesisekelo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ehlanganisa izindlela namasu ahlukahlukene. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isicelo esivame kakhulu sokumba isisekelo ukufaka izakhiwo ezifana nezinqwaba ukuze kwandiswe umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wesisekelo, ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi amasha. Kungase kuzwakale kulula, kodwa empeleni kunzima kakhulu. Inqubo yokumba i-Foundation idinga ubungcweti obukhulu bokubhola kanye nokuxhumana ngendlela efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izici ezidinga ukucatshangelwa, okuhlanganisa isimo sezulu, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, indawo ezungezile, izimo ezingalindelekile, njll.

Kungani Kudingeka Isisekelo Esijulile?

Ngezakhiwo ezincane njengezindlu, isisekelo esingajulile esiphezu komhlabathi noma ngaphansi nje sisebenza kahle. Nokho, kwamakhulu njengamabhuloho nezakhiwo ezide, isisekelo esingashoni siyingozi. Lapha kufika ukubhola kwesisekelo. Ngale ndlela ephumelelayo, singafaka “izimpande” zesisekelo ekujuleni komhlaba ukuze kuvinjwe isakhiwo ukuba singacwili noma sinyakaze. I-Bedrock iyingxenye enzima kakhulu futhi enganyakazi kakhulu ngaphansi komhlaba, ngakho-ke ezimweni eziningi, sibeka izinqwaba noma amakholomu esisekelo phezu kwayo ukuze siqinisekise ukuphepha nokuzinza.

Izindlela Zokubhoboza Eziyisisekelo

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezivamile zokumba isisekelo ezidumile namuhla.

Kelly Drilling

Inhloso eyisisekelo yokumba i-kelly ukumba izinqwaba ezibhodwe ezinobubanzi obukhulu. U-Kelly drilling usebenzisa i-drill rod ebizwa ngokuthi "i-kelly bar" edume ngomklamo wayo we-telescopic. Ngomklamo we-telescopic, "i-kelly bar" ingangena ijule kakhulu emhlabathini. Le ndlela ilungele noma yiluphi uhlobo lwamatshe nomhlabathi, kusetshenziswa imiphongolo ewumgogodla, ama-augers, noma amabhakede aneamazinyo enhlamvu anesihloko se-carbide ashintshwayo.

Ngaphambi kokuba inqubo yokumba iqale, isakhiwo sesikhashana senqwaba yokuvikela sisungulwa kusengaphambili. I-drill rod ibe isidlulela ngaphansi kwenqwaba futhi ibhoboze emhlabeni. Okulandelayo, induku ihoxiswa emgodini futhi isakhiwo sokuqinisa sisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa umgodi. Manje, inqwaba yokuzivikela yesikhashana ivunyelwe ukususwa futhi umgodi ugcwele ukhonkolo.

Ukunyuka Kwendiza Okuqhubekayo

I-continuous flight augering (CFA), ephinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-auger cast piling, isetshenziswa kakhulu ukumba imigodi yezinqwaba ezifakwe endaweni futhi ifanele izimo zomhlabathi ezimanzi neziyimbudumbudu. I-CFA isebenzisa i-auger drill ende enomsebenzi wokuletha inhlabathi namatshe phezulu ngesikhathi senqubo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukhonkolo ujovwa nge-shaft ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-auger drill, ukuqinisa kufakwa emigodini.

I-Reverse Circulation Air Injection Drilling

Uma kudingeka imigodi emikhulu, ikakhulukazi izimbobo ezifinyelela kububanzi obungamamitha angu-3.2, kusetshenziswa indlela ye-reverse circulation air injection drilling (RCD). Ngokuvamile, i-RCD isebenzisa umshini wokumba we-hydraulic circulation. Umsinga owuketshezi esikhaleni seminyaka yonke phakathi kwe-drill rod kanye nodonga lwe-borehole lugudluzwa yiphampu bese lugeleza luye phansi embobeni. Phakathi nale nqubo, ama-drill cuttings adluliselwa phezulu.

Ukubhoboza Phansi Ngembobo

I-Down-the-hole drilling (DTH) ilungele amaphrojekthi anesidingo sokuphahla amatshe aqinile namatshe. Le ndlela isebenzisa isando esifakwe endaweni yokubhoboza ekugcineni kwenduku yokubhola.Izinkinobho zeCarbidezifakwa esando ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yayo yesevisi. Njengoba i-drill bit izungeza, umoya ocindezelweyo udala ingcindezi ephezulu ukuze isando siqhubekisele phambili ukuphuka kanye nokushayisana kwamadwala. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukusika kwe-drill kwenziwa ngaphandle kwembobo phezulu.

Bamba Ukubhoboza

Njengenye yezindlela ezindala kakhulu zokumba ezomile, ukumba ukubamba kusasetshenziswa kabanzi nanamuhla. Isetshenziswa lapho kubhobozwa imithombo enobubanzi obuncane bokubhoboza noma ukudala izinqwaba ezifakwe endaweni enobubanzi obukhulu. I-Grab drilling isebenzisa uzipho olune-angle end elenga ku-crane ukuze kuxegiswe inhlabathi namadwala bese iwabambela phezulu.