Drilling Dynamics

Uma kukhulunywa ngokukhiqiza kanye nokubeka izigxobo, izinsiza zikagesi kanye nosonkontileka bezinsiza kumele bavame ukwenza izinqumo esizeni mayelana nemishini engcono kakhulu kanye nethuluzi lomsebenzi. Imibiko eyisicefe inikeza ukuqonda okuthile ngokwakheka komhlaba, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi izimo zingahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezindawo eziqhelelene ngamamitha ambalwa nje.

Ngalesi sizathu, izisebenzi zesevisi zivame ukuthembela ezingxenyeni ezimbili ezibalulekile zemishini, ama-digger derrick kanye nama-auger drill okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ama-pressure diggers. Ngenkathi imishini yenza imisebenzi efanayo, isetshenziswa kangcono ngokuhlangana ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene.

Ama-auger drill aletha i-torque engaphezu kokuphindwe kabili phezu kwama-digger derricks, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ngawo ukuthi azuze ukwehla okwengeziwe kumathuluzi e-auger. Ngokuvamile, ama-auger drill akwazi u-30,000 kuya ku-80,000 ft-lbs, kanye nama-200,000 ft-lbs kuma-drill rigs ase-Europe, kuyilapho ama-digger derrick ane-torque engu-12,000 kuya ku-14,000 ft-lbs. Lokho kwenza ama-auger drill afaneleke kakhulu ukubhola ngezinto eziqinile nokudala izimbobo ezinkulu nezijulile, ezifika kumafidi angu-6 ububanzi namafidi angu-95 ukushona. Nakuba ama-digger derricks asetshenziselwa ukumba, angase akhawulelwe ezimweni ezithambile zomhlabathi kanye nemigodi enobubanzi obuncane kanye nokujula okuncane. Ngokuvamile, ama-digger derricks angakwazi ukubhola amafidi angu-10 ukujula ngobubanzi obungafika kumayintshi angu-42. Ngamandla okuphatha izigxobo, ama-digger derricks alungele ukulandela ngemuva kokubhoboza i-auger, ukubeka izigxobo emigodini elungiselelwe ama-auger drill.

Isibonelo, umsebenzi odinga imbobo engamafidi angu-20 ejulile enobubanzi obungamayintshi angu-36 ufaneleka kangcono ukuthi wenziwe i-auger drill ngenxa yokujula okudingekayo. Uma imbobo yosayizi ofanayo idinga kuphela ukujula ngamafidi angu-10, khona-ke i-digger derrick ingase ifaneleke ukwenza umsebenzi.

UKUKHETHA ITHULUSI ELIFANELE

Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ekukhetheni umshini ofanele umsebenzi ukukhetha ithuluzi elilungile le-auger. Amathuluzi ane-hex coupler attachment asetshenziswa yi-digger derricks, kuyilapho lawo anebhokisi eliyisikwele le-coupler asetshenziswa ama-auger drill. Amathuluzi awaqondile ku-OEM, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi wonke amathuluzi adalwe alingana. I-Terex ukuphela komkhiqizi we-digger derricks kanye ne-auger drill ephinde ikhiqize amathuluzi, ehlinzeka ngamathuluzi e-auger aklanyelwe ukukhiqiza okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle. Lapho ukhetha ithuluzi elifanele lomsebenzi, izici zokukhetha zihlanganisa amathuluzi esitayela se-auger noma amathuluzi omgqomo, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamazinyo, izingcezu zokushayela, nosayizi bamathuluzi abaningi.

Ungakwazi ukubhoboza ukungcola nge-rock auger noma ithuluzi lomgqomo, kodwa awukwazi ukusika idwala kahle nge-auger engcolile. Nakuba leso simiso siwukwenza lula okudlulele kwenqubo yokukhetha, kuwumthetho omuhle wesithupha. Ama-augers anezindiza zokuphakamisa impango exegiswe amazinyo kanye ne-pilot bit ezinzisa inqubo yokumba imbobo eqondile. Imiphongolo engumongo isika ithrekhi eyodwa, ifaka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ngezinyo ngalinye, isusa izinto zetshe ngokuphakamisa okubalulekile njengamapulaki angawodwana. Ezimweni eziningi zaphansi, kungcono uqale ngethuluzi le-auger kuqala, uze ufike lapho lingasebenzi kahle noma lihlangabezane nokwenqaba ukuqhubeka ngenxa yokuthi i-strata inzima kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ushintshele kuthuluzi lomgqomo oyinhloko ukuze ukhiqize kangcono. Uma kufanele uqale ngethuluzi le-core barrel, ku-digger derrick, kungase kudingeke usebenzise i-pilot bit ukuze ubambe ithuluzi liqonde ngenkathi uqala umgodi.

Qinisekisa ukufanisa ithuluzi nezimo zomhlabathi.Iningiimininingwane yethuluzi izobandakanya incazelo yohlobo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ithuluzi le-auger noma umgqomo wakhelwe khona. Isibonelo, i-Terex TXD Series ye-digger derrick augers yakhelwe inhlabathi ehlangene, ubumba oluqinile, nezimo ze-shale ezithambile, kuyilapho i-Terex TXCS Series ye-digger derrick carbide rock augers ingabhekana ne-limestone emaphakathi, i-sandstone, nezinto eziqandisiwe. Ukuze uthole izinto eziqinile, khetha Uchungechunge lwe-Bullet Tooth Auger (BTA) lwamathuluzi. Imiphongolo engumongo isetshenziswa lapho okubalulekile kungeke kubhojwe ngempumelelo ngamathuluzi avamile e-rock auger, okuhlanganisa nezimo ezifana nedwala eliqhekekayo nelingewona ama-fractural, kanye nokhonkolo ongaqinisiwe noqiniswayo.

Uhlobo lwamazinyo kubhithi yokuhlola yethuluzi ihlobene ngokuqondile nohlelo eliklanyelwe ukusebenza kulo. Ibhithi yomshayeli namazinyo andizayo kufanele ahambisane, abe namandla afanayo nezici zokusika. Okunye ukucaciswa okubalulekile ekukhetheni ithuluzi ubude be-auger, ubude bendiza, ukushuba kwendiza, nephimbo lendiza. Ubude obuhlukahlukene be-auger buyatholakala ukuvumela ama-opharetha ukuthi alingane nethuluzi endaweni etholakalayo yokususa ithuluzi kudivayisi yakho ethile yokubhola i-auger noma ukucushwa kwe-digger derrick.

Ubude bendiza iyingqikithi yobude bokuzungeza be-auger.Uma ubude bendiza bubude, yilapho ungakwazi ukuphakamisa izinto eziningi ukusuka phansi. Ubude bendiza ende buhle emhlabathini ovulekile noma oyisihlabathi. Ukujiya kwendiza kuthinta amandla ethuluzi. Ukujiya kwezindiza zamathuluzi, kuya kuba nzima, ngakho-ke kunenzuzo ukukhetha kuphela lokho okudingayo ukuze ukwandise ukukhokhelwa kweloli kanye namandla okuphakamisa impahla ye-boom. U-Terex uncoma indiza ewugqinsi ezansi kwe-auger yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisindayo.

I-Flight pitch yibanga eliphakathi kokuzungeza ngakunye kokundiza.Ukujula kakhulu kwe-flight pitch, enenhlabathi exegayo, kuzovumela impahla ukuthi ishelele emuva ngqo emgodini. Kuleso simo, iphimbo elithambile lingasebenza kangcono. Kodwa i-pitch ekhuphukayo izokwenza umsebenzi wenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu lapho izinto ziminyene. U-Terex uncoma ithuluzi le-auger eliwumqansa esimweni sobumba olumanzi, olunodaka, noma olunamathelayo, njengoba kulula ukususa impahla ku-auger uma isikhishiwe emgodini.

SHINTSHELA EMGODENI WE-CORE

Noma kunini lapho ithuluzi le-auger lihlangabezana nokwenqaba, yisikhathi esihle sokushintshela kusitayela somgqomo oyinhloko esikhundleni salokho. Ngokuklama, ithrekhi eyodwa ye-core barrel inqamula ezindaweni eziqinile kangcono kunamathrekhi amaningi akhiqizwa ithuluzi elindizayo. Uma ubhoboza edwaleni eliqinile, njenge-granite noma i-basalt, ukuhamba kancane nokulula kuyindlela engcono kakhulu. Kufanele ubekezele futhi uvumele ithuluzi lenze umsebenzi.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, sebenzisa i-core barrel ku-drill ye-auger. Nokho, kwezinye izimo zamatshe aqinile, i-digger derrick enethuluzi elifanele nayo ingathola umsebenzi uma umgodi odingekayo uwububanzi obuncane. U-Terex usanda kwethula i-Stand Alone Core Barrel ye-digger derricks, enamathisela futhi igxilise ngqo ku-boom futhi ingena ngqo kubha ye-auger drive Kelly, esusa isidingo sanoma yiziphi izinamathiselo ezengeziwe. Uma i-auger endizayo ingasakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi, i-Stand Alone Core Barrel entsha ingakhuphula umkhiqizo lapho kubholwa amatshe aqinile, njenge-limestone. Ukuze izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuthi ukumba kuqale ezingeni eliphansi, ibhithi lokuhlola elikhiphekayo lingasetshenziswa ukuze kunzinziswe i-Stand Alone Core Barrel ukuze kuqalwe imbobo. Uma ukungena kokuqala sekufinyelelwe, i-pilot bit ingasuswa. Ibhithi lokuhlola elingakhethwa libalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ithrekhi yokuqala eqondile ngoba ivimbela umgqomo oyinhloko ukuthi ungazuli futhi usuke emugqeni.

Enye i-condiamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, agunyaza amathuluzi akhethekile njengamabhakede okubhola, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi amabhakede odaka. Lawa mathuluzi asusa izinto eziwuketshezi/uketshezi oluncane ku-shaft ebhobhile lapho impahla ingabambeleli ekundizeni kwe-auger. I-Terex inikeza izitayela ezimbalwa, ezihlanganisa i-Spin-Bottom ne-Dump-Bottom. Zombili izindlela ezisebenzayo zokususa inhlabathi emanzi futhi ukukhethwa kokukodwa phezu kwenye kuvame ukuncika kulokho okuthandwa ngumsebenzisi. Esinye isimo esivame ukunganakwa indawo eyiqhwa kanye ne-permafrost, eqhuma kakhulu. Kulesi simo, i-bullet tooth spiral rock auger iyakwazi ukusebenza kahle.

AMACEBISO OBOMBA APHEPHILE, ATHELEKE

Uma usukhethile umshini nethuluzi lomsebenzi, kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, hlala wazi ukuthi yini engezansi nangaphezulu kwendawo yokumba. E-U.S., “Shayela ngaphambi kokuthi UDIG” ngokushayela ku-811 kungasiza ukuvikela wena nabanye ekuxhumaneni okungahlosiwe nezinsiza ezikhona ezingaphansi komhlaba. I-Canada nayo inomqondo ofanayo, kodwa izinombolo zocingo zingahluka ngokwezifundazwe. Futhi, hlala uhlola indawo yokusebenza ukuze uthole imigqa ephezulu ukuze uvimbele ukuthintana kwelayini kagesi kanye ne-electrocution.

Ukuhlolwa kwendawo yomsebenzi kufanele futhi kubandakanye ukuhlolwa kwe-digger derrick, i-auger drill namathuluzi ohlela ukuwasebenzisa. Landela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi yezinto zokusebenza zansuku zonke nokuhlolwa kwamathuluzi. Kubalulekile ukuhlola amazinyo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi asesimweni esihle. Isibonelo, uma amazinyo e-rock engaphenduki ngokukhululeka, angase agqoke aphansi ohlangothini olulodwa okunciphisa impilo nokusebenza kahle. Bheka futhi ukuguga emaphaketheni amazinyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-carbide ezinyo lezinhlamvu isigugile, sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha izinyo. Ukungawashintshi amazinyo agugile kungalilimaza kakhulu iphakethe lamazinyo, okungabiza ukulilungisa. Futhi hlola imiphetho yobuso obuqinile bokundiza kwe-auger kanye namathuluzi omgqomo ukuthi agugile noma ububanzi bembobo bungase buthinteke. Phinda ubheke kanzima emaphethelweni, kuvimbela ukuncishiswa kobubanzi bembobo, futhi ngokuvamile kungenziwa ensimini.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi landela iziqondiso zomkhiqizi nganoma yikuphi ukulungiswa kwethuluzi le-auger. Landela izinqubo ezifanele zokufakwa nokususwa kwamazinyo, usebenzisa amathuluzi afanele. Amathuluzi amaningi aklanyelwe ukwenza ukushintshwa kwamazinyo kube lula, kodwa kungaba umsebenzi oyingozi uma ungenziwanga kahle. Isibonelo, ungalokothi ushaye ubuso be-carbide ngesando. Noma nini lapho ushaya indawo eqinile kunengozi yokuphuka kwensimbi, okungadala ukulimala komzimba. Okokugcina, khumbula ukugcoba amazinyo lapho ufaka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukunyakaza kwamahhala ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi kwenza kube lula ukukhipha amazinyo lapho uwashintsha.

Ama-Digger derricks nama-auger drill asebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinzinzisi—uhlaka olu-A, ukuphuma nokuya phansi, kanye nokuya phansi ngokuqondile. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinzisi noma i-outrigger, hlala usebenzisa amaphedi angaphandle ngaphansi konyawo lokuzinzisa. Lokhu kuvimbela uhlangothi olulodwa lomshini ukuthi lucwile emhlabathini. Uma umshini ungaphandle kwezinga, kungabangela imbobo yakho ukuthi ingabi yi-plumb. Ngokuzivocavoca kwe-auger, thembela kusikhombisi sezinga ukuze ugcine i-engeli yokubhoboza efanele. Kuma-digger derricks, ama-opharetha kufanele agade ngokuqhubekayo ukuma kwe-boom, ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi i-auger ihlala imile ngokunweba noma ukuhoxisa nokuzungezisa njengoba kudingeka.

Okokugcina, imihlangano yokuphepha ye-tailgate kufanele ihlanganise izikhumbuzo zabasebenzi ukuthi bame okungenani amafidi angu-15 kude nomsebenzi wokumba, ukuze baqaphele izingxenye ezinyakazayo nezimbobo ezivulekile, futhi bagqoke i-PPE efanele, okuhlanganisa amagilavu, izibuko, izigqoko eziqinile, ukuvikela izindlebe, nezingubo ze-hi-vis. Uma umsebenzi uqhubeka emigodini evulekile, vala izimbobo noma ugqoke isivikelo sokuwa bese ubophela esakhiweni esivunyiwe saphakade.

UKUVALA UMCABANGO

Izisebenzi zosizos kumele enze izinqumo eziningi mayelana nezimo zomhlabathi lapho enza imisebenzi yokumba. Ukuqonda izimo eziphansi, isimo sezinto zokusebenza, amakhono e-digger derricks, ama-auger drills, okunamathiselwe kwamathuluzi amaningi atholakalayo kanye nokulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi kwenza umsebenzi usebenze kahle futhi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izigameko.