Ukugrunjwa kweSiseko: Kutheni Kubaluleke Kangaka?

Kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zokwakha, ukombiwa kwesiseko yinkqubo exabiseke kakhulu nebalulekileyo, kodwa idla ngokungaxatyiswa. Nokuba kukwakha iibhulorho okanye izakhiwo eziphakamileyo, ukombiwa kwesiseko kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Abantu abaninzi banokuzibuza ukuba yintoni na kwaye kutheni ibaluleke kangaka. Namhlanje, eli nqaku liza kuphendula le mibuzo nganye nganye. Masiqale ngengcaciso.

Yintoni i-Foundation Drilling?

Ukugrumba okusisiseko, ngokufutshane, kusebenzisa izixhobo zokomba ezinkulu ukubhoboza imingxuma emikhulu emhlabeni. Injongo kukubeka izakhiwo ezinje ngee-piers, ii-caissons, okanye iimfumba ezikruqukileyo ezisetyenziswa njengezixhaso zesiseko nzulu kwimingxuma.

Isiseko sokomba yinkqubo enzima kakhulu ebandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, isicelo esiqhelekileyo sokugaya isiseko kukufaka izakhiwo ezinjengeemfumba ukunyusa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wesiseko, ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi ezintsha. Isenokuvakala ilula, kodwa eneneni inzima kakhulu. Inkqubo yokomba yeSiseko ifuna ubungcaphephe obubonakalayo ekwembeni kunye nolungelelwaniso olusebenzayo. Ukongezelela, kukho ezinye izinto ezifunekayo ukuba ziqwalaselwe, kubandakanywa imozulu, ukubunjwa komhlaba, indawo engqongileyo, iimeko ezingalindelekanga, njl.

Kutheni Sifuneka Isiseko Esinzulu?

Kwizakhiwo ezincinci njengezindlu, isiseko esinzulu esiphezu komhlaba okanye ngaphantsi kwayo sisebenza kakuhle. Noko ke, kwizinto ezinkulu ezifana neebhulorho nezakhiwo ezide, isiseko esingekho nzulu siyingozi. Nantsi isiseko sokomba. Ngale ndlela isebenzayo, sinokubeka “iingcambu” zesiseko nzulu emhlabeni ukuze sinqande isakhiwo ukuba singaziki okanye sishukume. I-Bedrock yeyona nxalenye inzima kwaye ingenakushukunyiswa phantsi komhlaba, ngoko ke kwiimeko ezininzi, siphumla iimfumba okanye iikholomu zesiseko phezu kwayo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokuzinza.

Iindlela zokuBomba iSiseko

Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zokomba ezixhaphakileyo namhlanje.

Kelly Drilling

Eyona njongo yokugrumba i-kelly kukugrumba iimfumba ezidikayo ezinobubanzi obukhulu. I-Kelly drilling isebenzisa intonga yokubhola ebizwa ngokuba yi "kelly bar" edume ngokuyilwa kwayo ngeteleskopu. Ngoyilo lwetelescopic, "i-kelly bar" inokungena nzulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Le ndlela ilungele naluphi na uhlobo lwamatye kunye nomhlaba, usebenzisa imiphanda engundoqo, ii-augers, okanye ii-emele ezineamazinyo embumbulu athathe indawo ye-carbide.

Ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo yokugaya iqale, isakhiwo semfumba sokukhusela sesikhashana sisekwa kwangaphambili. I-drill rod idlulela ngaphantsi kwengqumba kwaye ibhobhoze emhlabeni. Emva koko, intonga ihoxiswa emngxunyeni kwaye isakhiwo sokuqinisa sisetyenziselwa ukuqinisa umgodi. Ngoku, imfumba yokukhusela yesikhashana ivunyelwe ukuba isuswe kwaye umngxuma uzaliswe ngekhonkrithi.

I-Flighting eqhubekayo

I-Flight augering eqhubekayo (CFA), ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-auger cast piling, isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukugrumba imingxuma yeemfumba ezifakwe kwindawo kwaye ilungele iimeko zomhlaba ezimanzi kunye negranular. I-CFA isebenzisa i-auger drill ende enomsebenzi wokuzisa umhlaba kunye nelitye phezulu ngexesha lenkqubo. Okwangoku, ikhonkrithi ifakwe i-shaft phantsi koxinzelelo. Emva kokuba i-auger drill isusiwe, ukuqiniswa kufakwa kwimingxuma.

Reverse Circulation Air Isitofu Drilling

Xa kufuneka imingxunya emikhulu, ingakumbi imingxunya enobude obuyi-3.2 yeemitha ububanzi, kusetyenziswa indlela ye-reverse circulation air injection drilling (RCD). Ngokubanzi, i-RCD isebenzisa i-hydraulic circulation drilling. Umsinga wolwelo kwisithuba sonyaka phakathi kwentonga yokomba kunye nodonga lomngxuma wequla ugungxulwa yimpompo uze uqukuqelele ezantsi komngxuma. Ngethuba le nkqubo, i-drill cuttings ihanjiswa phezulu.

Ukugrunjwa phantsi komngxuma

I-Down-the-hole drilling (i-DTH) ilungele iiprojekthi ezinemfuno yokuqhekeza amatye aqinileyo kunye namatye. Le ndlela isebenzisa ihamile efakwe kwi-drill bit ekupheleni kwentonga yokubhola.Amaqhosha eCarbidezifakwe kwihamile ukwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo. Njengoko i-drill bit ijikeleza, umoya ocinezelweyo udala uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuqhubela phambili isando ukuya kukwaphuka kunye nempembelelo yamatye. Okwangoku, i-drill cuttings iqhutyelwa ngaphandle komngxuma ukuya phezulu.

Bamba Ukwemba

Njengenye yeendlela zakudala zokomba owomileyo, ukugrumba ukubamba kusasetyenziswa kakhulu kule mihla. Isetyenziswe xa ubhobhoza amaqula aneemitha ezincinci zokugaya okanye udala iimfumba ezifakwe kwindawo enobubanzi obukhulu. Ukugrumba i-grab kusebenzisa uzipho olunesiphelo esine-engile esijinga kwi-crane ukukhulula umhlaba kunye namatye kwaye emva koko uzibambele phezulu.