Drilling Dynamics

Xa kuziwa kwimveliso yokomba kunye nokuseta iipali, izixhobo zombane kunye neekontraka eziluncedo kufuneka zihlala zenza izigqibo kwindawo malunga nesona sixhobo silungileyo kunye nesixhobo somsebenzi. Iingxelo ezikruqulayo zibonelela ngengqiqo ethile kubume bejoloji yomhlaba, kodwa inyaniso kukuba iimeko zinokwahluka kakhulu phakathi kweendawo eziqelelene nje ngeemitha ezimbalwa.

Ngesi sizathu, abasebenzi abaluncedo bahlala bexhomekeke kwizixhobo ezibini ezibalulekileyo, idigger derricks kunye ne-auger drills eyaziwa ngokuba yi-pressure diggers. Ngelixa izixhobo zenza imisebenzi efanayo, zisetyenziswa kakuhle ngokudibeneyo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

I-Auger drills ihambisa ngaphezu kwe-torque ephindwe kabini ngaphezu kwee-digger derricks, okwenza kube lula ukuba bafezekise ukwehla kwezixhobo ze-auger. Xa sithetha ngokubanzi, i-auger drills iyakwazi ukusuka kwi-30,000 ukuya kwi-80,000 ft-lbs, kunye ne-200,000 ft-lbs kwi-European drill rigs, ngelixa i-digger derricks ine-12,000 ukuya kwi-14,000 ft-lbs ye-torque. Loo nto yenza ukuba i-auger drills ifaneleke ngakumbi ukugrumba ngokusebenzisa imathiriyeli eqinile kunye nokudala imingxuma emikhulu kunye nenzulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6 ye-diameter kunye ne-95 yeenyawo ubunzulu. Ngelixa i-digger derricks isetyenziselwa ukomba, inokukhawulelwa kwiimeko ezithambileyo zomhlaba kunye nemingxuma enobukhulu obuncinci kunye nobunzulu obuncinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-digger derricks inokwemba ukuya kwi-10 yeenyawo ubunzulu kwi-diameter ukuya kwi-intshi ezingama-42. Ngobuchule bokuphatha ipali, i-digger derricks ifanelekile ukulandela emva kwe-auger drills, ukubeka iipali kwimingxuma elungiselelwe yi-auger drills.

Umzekelo, umsebenzi ofuna umngxuma obunzulu obuziimitha ezingama-20 kunye nobubanzi obungama-intshi angama-36 ulungele ukwenziwa yi-auger drill ngenxa yobunzulu obufunekayo. Ukuba ubungakanani bomngxuma obufanayo bufuna kuphela ubunzulu obuziimitha ezili-10, ngoko ke i-digger derrick inokufaneleka ukwenza umsebenzi.

UKUKHETHA ISIXHOBO ESILUNGILEYO

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ekukhetheni umatshini ofanelekileyo womsebenzi kukukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo se-auger. Izixhobo ezine-hex coupler attachment zisetyenziswa yi-digger derricks, ngelixa ezo zine-square box coupler zisetyenziswa yi-auger drills. Izixhobo azikhankanyi kwi-OEM, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba zonke izixhobo zenziwe zilingana. I-Terex kuphela komenzi we-digger derricks kunye ne-auger drills ekwavelisa izixhobo, ibonelela ngesixhobo se-auger esenzelwe ukuvelisa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Xa ukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo somsebenzi, izinto zokukhetha ziquka izixhobo zesimbo se-auger okanye izixhobo zomgqomo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamazinyo, amasuntswana okulinga, kunye nobukhulu bezixhobo ezininzi.

Unokugrumba ukungcola nge-rock auger okanye isixhobo somgqomo, kodwa awukwazi ukusika ilitye ngokufanelekileyo nge-auger emdaka. Ngelixa lo mgaqo ulula ngaphezulu kwenkqubo yokhetho, ngumgaqo olungileyo wesithupha. Ii-Augers zineenqwelomoya zokuphakamisa izinto ezichithwayo eziye zakhululwa ngamazinyo kunye ne-pilot bit ezinzisa inkqubo yokwemba umngxuma othe tye. Imiphanda engundoqo isike umkhondo omnye, ifaka uxinzelelo olungakumbi ngezinyo ngalinye, isusa izinto zamatye ngokuphakamisa imathiriyeli njengeeplagi zomntu ngamnye. Kwiimeko ezininzi zomhlaba, kungcono uqale ngesixhobo se-auger kuqala, de ufikelele kwindawo apho ingasebenzi kakuhle okanye idibana nokwala ukuqhubela phambili ngenxa yokuba i-strata inzima kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, kunokuba yimfuneko ukutshintshela kwisixhobo esingundoqo sombhobho wemveliso engcono. Ukuba kufuneka uqale ngesixhobo sombhobho ongundoqo, kwi-digger derrick, kunokufuneka usebenzise i-pilot bit ukubamba isixhobo ngqo ngelixa uqala umngxuma.

Qinisekisa ukufanisa isixhobo kunye neemeko zomhlaba.Uninziiinkcukacha zesixhobo ziya kubandakanya inkcazo yohlobo lwezicelo apho isixhobo se-auger okanye umgqomo senzelwe. Umzekelo, iTerex TXD Series yeedigger derrick augers ziyilelwe umhlaba oxineneyo, udongwe oluqinileyo, kunye neemeko ezithambileyo ze-shale, ngelixa iTerex TXCS Series ye-digger derrick carbide rock augers inokujongana ne-limestone ephakathi, ilitye lentlabathi, kunye nemathiriyeli enomkhenkce. Kwizinto eziqinileyo, khetha iBullet Tooth Auger (BTA) Series yezixhobo. Imigqomo engundoqo isetyenziswa xa imathiriyeli ingenako ukugrunjwa ngokufanelekileyo ngezixhobo zesiqhelo ezibhabhayo ze-rock auger, kubandakanywa neemeko ezinje ngefractural kunye ne-non-fractural rock, kunye nekhonkrithi engaqiniswanga neyomelezwayo.

Uhlobo lwamazinyo kwi-pilot bit yesixhobo luhambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwisicelo esenzelwe ukusebenza kuso. I-bit pilot kunye namazinyo ahambayo kufuneka ahambelane, kunye namandla afanayo kunye neempawu zokusika. Ezinye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ekukhetheni isixhobo bubude be-auger, ubude bendiza, ubukhulu bendiza, kunye ne-flight pitch. Ubude obahlukeneyo be-auger bukhona ukuvumela abaqhubi ukuba balingane isixhobo kucoceko lwesixhobo esikhoyo kwisixhobo sakho sokugrumba i-auger okanye uqwalaselo lwe-digger derrick.

Ubude benqwelomoya bubude obujikelezayo bubonke be-auger.Okukhona ubude bendiza bubude, kokukhona izinto ezininzi onokuthi uziphakamise uphume emhlabeni. Ubude benqwelomoya ende bulungile kumhlaba okhululekileyo okanye oyisanti. Ubunzima beFlight buchaphazela ukomelela kwesixhobo. Ukuqina kweenqwelomoya zesixhobo, kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi, kuluncedo ukukhetha kuphela le nto uyidingayo ukuze ukwandise umvuzo kwilori kunye nokunyusa umthamo webhoom. U-Terex ucebisa ngenqwelomoya engqindilili ezantsi kwe-auger kwimisebenzi enzima.

I-Flight pitch ngumgama phakathi komjikelo ngamnye wokubhabha.Umnqantsa kakhulu wepitch yokubhabha, enomhlaba oxengaxengayo, kuya kuvumela imathiriyeli ukuba ityibilike ibuyele emngxunyeni. Kule meko, isandi esithambileyo siya kusebenza ngakumbi. Kodwa i-pitch ethe kratya iya kwenza umsebenzi wenziwe ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi xa imathiriyeli ixinene. UTerex ucebisa isixhobo sodongwe olumanzi, olunodaka, okanye oluncangathi, njengoko kulula ukususa izinto kwi-auger xa sele iphakanyiselwe ngaphandle komngxuma.

TSHINTSHA KWI-CORRE BARREL

Ngalo naliphi na ixesha xa isixhobo se-auger sidibana nokwala, lixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshintshela kwisitayile esingundoqo sombhobho endaweni yoko. Ngoyilo, umphanda ongundoqo wengoma enye unqumla kwiindawo eziqinileyo ngcono kuneendlela ezininzi eziveliswe sisixhobo esibhabhayo. Xa ubhobhoza ngelitye elinzima, njengegranite okanye i-basalt, ukucotha nokulula yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Kuya kufuneka ube nomonde kwaye uvumele isixhobo senze umsebenzi.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, sebenzisa i-core barrel kwi-drill ye-auger. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko zamatye anzima, i-digger derrick enesixhobo esifanelekileyo nayo inokufumana umsebenzi ukuba wenziwe ukuba umngxuma ofunekayo yi-diameter encinci. Kutshanje i-Terex yazisa i-Stand Alone Core Barrel ye-digger derricks, ethi incamathelise kwaye ijike ngokuthe ngqo kwi-boom kwaye ingene ngokuthe ngqo kwi-auger drive Kelly bar, isusa imfuno yalo naluphi na uncamathiselo olongezelelweyo. Xa i-auger ebhabhayo ingasayi kuwenza umsebenzi, i-Stand Alone Core Barrel entsha inokunyusa imveliso xa kusomba ilitye eliqinileyo, njengemathiriyeli yekalika. Kwizicelo ezifuna ukugrunjwa kuqalwe kumgangatho osezantsi, intwana yokulinga esuswayo ingasetyenziselwa ukuzinzisa iStand Alone Core Barrel ukuze kuqaliswe umngxuma. Nje ukuba ukungena kokuqala kuphunyeziwe, intwana yokulinga inokususwa. I-pilot bit yokuzikhethela ibalulekile ekufezekiseni umkhondo wokuqala othe tye kuba unqanda umbhobho ongundoqo ekubhaduleni kwaye usuke uphume emgceni.

Enye i-condiezinje ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, zigunyazisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana neeemele zokomba, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba zii-emele zodaka. Ezi zixhobo zisusa ulwelo/i-semi fluid kwishaft egrunjiweyo xa imathiriyeli ingabambeleli kwi-auger flight. I-Terex inikezela ngezitayile ezininzi, kubandakanya iSpin-Ezantsi kunye neDump-Bottom. Zombini ziindlela ezisebenzayo zokususa umhlaba omanzi kwaye ukukhetha omnye ngaphezulu komnye kuhlala kuxhomekeke kukhetho lomsebenzisi. Enye imeko ehlala ingahoywa ngumhlaba onomkhenkce kunye ne-permafrost, eyingozi kakhulu. Kule meko, i-bullet tooth spiral rock auger iyakwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

EKHUSELEKILEYO, IINGCEBISO ZOKUSOMBA EZINEMVELISO

Nje ukuba ukhethe umatshini kunye nesixhobo somsebenzi, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale, hlala usazi ukuba yintoni engezantsi nangaphezulu kwendawo yokumba. E-US, "Fowuna ngaphambi kokuba UDIG" ngokufowunela u-811 unokunceda ukukhusela wena kunye nabanye ekudibaneni ngokungeyomfuneko nezinto ezikhoyo eziphantsi komhlaba. ICanada nayo inombono ofanayo, kodwa iinombolo zefowuni zinokuhluka ngokwephondo. Kwakhona, hlala uhlola indawo yokusebenza kwimigca engaphezulu ukuze uthintele uqhagamshelwano lombane kunye ne-electrocution.

Ukuhlolwa kwendawo yokusebenzela kufuneka kuquke nokuhlolwa kwe-digger derrick, i-auger drill kunye nezixhobo oceba ukuzisebenzisa. Landela imiyalelo yomenzi wezixhobo zemihla ngemihla zangaphambili kunye nokuhlolwa kwesixhobo. Kubalulekile ukujonga amazinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akwimeko entle. Umzekelo, ukuba amazinyo elitye akajiki ngokukhululekileyo, anokunxiba umcaba kwicala elinye anciphisa ubomi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Kwakhona khangela ukuguga kwiipokotho zamazinyo. Ukongeza, ukuba i-carbide kwizinyo lembumbulu igugile, lixesha lokutshintsha izinyo. Ukungawatshintshi amazinyo agugileyo kunokonakalisa kakhulu ipokotho yamazinyo, nto leyo enokuba yindleko enkulu ukuyilungisa. Khangela kwakhona imiphetho yobuso obuqinileyo bokubhabha kwe-auger kunye nezixhobo zomgqomo zokunxiba okanye ububanzi bomngxuma bunokuchaphazeleka. Phinda ujonge emacaleni, uthintele ukuncitshiswa kobubanzi bomngxuma, kwaye unokwenziwa rhoqo entsimini.

Ngalo lonke ixesha ulandela imiyalelo yomenzi walo naluphi na ukulungiswa kwesixhobo se-auger. Landela iindlela ezichanekileyo zokufakwa nokususwa kwamazinyo, usebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Izixhobo ezininzi zenzelwe ukwenza ukutshintshwa kwezinyo kube lula, kodwa kunokuba ngumsebenzi onobungozi ukuba akwenziwanga kakuhle. Umzekelo, ungaze ubethe ubuso be-carbide ngehamile. Nanini na xa ubetha indawo eqinile kukho umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwesinyithi, nto leyo enokubangela ukwenzakala emzimbeni. Ekugqibeleni, khumbula ukuthambisa amazinyo xa ufaka. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukunyakaza okukhululekile ngexesha lokusebenza kwaye kwenza kube lula ukususa amazinyo xa uwatshintsha.

I-Digger derricks kunye ne-auger drills zisebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuzinzisa-i-A-frame, i-out-and-down, kwaye iqonde phantsi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwe-stabilizers okanye i-outrigger, sebenzisa rhoqo iipads ezikhuphayo phantsi kwe-stabilizer footing. Oku kuthintela elinye icala lomatshini ekubeni litshone emhlabeni. Xa umatshini ungekho kwinqanaba, kunokubangela ukuba umngxuma wakho ungabi namanzi. Kwi-auger drills, thembela kwisalathisi somgangatho ukuze ugcine i-engile yokubhola echanekileyo. Kwi-digger derricks, abaqhubi kufuneka baqhubeke bebeka esweni indawo ye-boom, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-auger ihlala nkqo ngokwandisa okanye ukuhlehlisa kunye nokujikeleza njengoko kufuneka.

Okokugqibela, iintlanganiso zokhuseleko kufuneka zibandakanye izikhumbuzo zabasebenzi ukuba beme ubuncinane kangangeemitha ezili-15 kude nomsebenzi wokugrumba, baqaphele iindawo ezishukumayo kunye nemingxuma evulekileyo, kwaye banxibe iPPE efanelekileyo, kuquka iiglavu, iiglavu, iminqwazi eqinileyo, ukhuselo lokuva, kunye nempahla ye-hi-vis. Ukuba umsebenzi uyaqhubeka malunga nemingxuma evulekileyo, vala imingxuma okanye unxibe ukhuseleko lokuwa kwaye ubophe kwisakhiwo esisisigxina esivunyiweyo.

UKUVALA INGCINGA

Abasebenzi abaluncedos kufuneka enze izigqibo ezininzi malunga neemeko zomhlaba xa esenza imisebenzi yokomba. Ukuqonda iimeko zomhlaba, imeko yezixhobo, amandla e-digger derricks, i-auger drills, izixhobo ezininzi eziqhotyoshelweyo ezikhoyo kunye nokulandela imiyalelo yomenzi kwenza umsebenzi usebenze ngakumbi kwaye unokunceda ukukhusela iziganeko.